The process of divorce is never easy, but in New York, it can be even more complex due to the various grounds for divorce that can be alleged in a divorce action. Whether you are seeking a divorce due to irreconcilable differences or because of cruel and inhuman treatment, there are seven grounds to consider when filing for divorce in the Empire State.
The first ground, Irretrievable Breakdown, is perhaps the most straightforward. This ground acknowledges that the relationship between you and your spouse has broken down irretrievably for a period of at least six months, which means that your relationship is broken beyond repair. However, it is important to note that the court cannot grant a divorce on these grounds until after property, debts, child custody, visitation, spousal support, and child support have been settled or decided by the court.
The second ground, Cruel and Inhuman Treatment, is one of the most common grounds for divorce. This ground allows you to divorce your spouse if they have engaged in "cruel and inhuman treatment" that endangers your physical or mental health. However, it is important to note that if the most recent abusive treatment happened more than 5 years ago, you cannot divorce for this reason if your spouse objects.
The third ground, Abandonment, allows you to divorce your spouse if they have left you or kicked you out, and do not intend to return, for a period of at least one year. This can be a difficult ground to prove as it requires clear evidence that your spouse intended to abandon you.
The fourth ground, Imprisonment, allows you to divorce your spouse if they have been imprisoned for a period of three or more consecutive years after the marriage. However, it is important to note that if your spouse was released more than 5 years ago, you cannot divorce for this reason. Additionally, the imprisonment must have started after you got married.
The fifth ground, Adultery, allows you to divorce your spouse if they have committed adultery with a person other than you. However, it is important to note that this ground is not available if you encouraged your spouse to commit adultery, forgave your spouse by having sexual relations with them after you discovered the adultery, or committed adultery yourself. Additionally, you cannot divorce because of adultery if it has been more than 5 years since you discovered the adultery and you cannot testify yourself to prove adultery, so you must have a witness who can testify.
The sixth ground, Judgment of Separation, allows you to divorce your spouse if you have not lived together because of a "Decree of Separation" or "Judgment of Separation" given by the court, for at least one year. It is important to note that you must obey all the conditions of the decree or judgment. It is unusual to have a Judgment of Separation because it requires similar proof to that needed for a divorce. Most people skip the Judgment and go directly to divorce.
The seventh ground, Separation Agreement, allows you to divorce your spouse if you have not lived together because of a written "Agreement of Separation" for at least one year. Both you and your spouse must sign this agreement before a notary and the agreement must follow specific legal rules if you live in NY. If those rules are not followed, the agreement may not be valid.
Overall, the grounds for divorce in New York can be complex and nuanced, making the process of divorce even more difficult. It's important to understand your options and seek the guidance of a skilled divorce attorney to navigate this process.